SIKAP MUHAMMADIYAH TERHADAP BUDAYA JAWA: PENGHARGAAN DAN KETEGANGAN
Keywords:
Muhammadiyah, Javanese Culture, Modern Islam, Social History, Book ReviewAbstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini meneliti hubungan dialektis antara Muhammadiyah dan budaya Jawa periode awal berdirinya organisasi, yaitu 1912–1930. Studi ini muncul dari kebutuhan untuk memahami interaksi Islam modernis dengan konteks budaya lokal, sekaligus menantang stigma historis yang memandang Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan puritan anti-budaya. Novelti buku ini terletak pada perspektif revisionis yang menunjukkan bahwa Muhammadiyah awal tidak menolak budaya Jawa, tetapi bersikap inklusif dan akomodatif terhadap praktik budaya yang tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip Islam. Metodologi ini bersifat historis-kualitatif, dengan pendekatan arsip dan studi literatur. Hasil, Muhammadiyah awal, dipimpin Ahmad Dahlan dan tokoh priyayi Jawa lainnya, memanfaatkan bahasa, busana, nama, dan ritual lokal sebagai sarana dakwah, sekaligus mempertahankan kemurnian akidah Islam. Pergeseran sikap terjadi setelah 1930-an akibat masuknya pengaruh ulama Minangkabau, ideologi Wahabi, dan pembentukan Majlis Tarjih, yang menjadikan organisasi lebih puritan dan syari’ah-oriented. Buku ini juga menyoroti kontribusi Muhammadiyah dalam modernisasi pendidikan dan masyarakat Jawa, serta relevansinya terhadap gagasan dakwah kultural kontemporer.
Kata kunci: Muhammadiyah, Budaya Jawa, Islam Modern, Sejarah Sosial, Tinjauan Buku.
Abstract
This article examines the dialectical relationship between Muhammadiyah and Javanese culture during the early period of the organization's establishment, namely 1912–1930. This study arises from the need to understand the interaction between modern Islam and the local cultural context, while challenging the historical stigma that views Muhammadiyah as an anti-cultural puritanical movement. The novelty of this book lies in its revisionist perspective, which shows that early Muhammadiyah did not reject Javanese culture, but was inclusive and accommodating towards cultural practices that did not conflict with Islamic principles. The methodology is historical-qualitative, with an archival and literature study approach. The results show that early Muhammadiyah, led by Ahmad Dahlan and other Javanese priyayi figures, utilized language, clothing, names, and local rituals as means of da'wah, while maintaining the purity of Islamic doctrine. A shift in attitude occurred after the 1930s due to the influence of Minangkabau scholars, Wahhabi ideology, and the formation of the Majlis Tarjih, which made the organization more puritanical and Sharia-oriented. This book also highlights Muhammadiyah's contribution to the modernization of education and Javanese society, as well as its relevance to contemporary cultural da'wah ideas.
Keywords: Muhammadiyah, Javanese Culture, Modern Islam, Social History, Book Review.
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